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Pensiones de capitalización individual en América Latina: efectos, reformas, impacto del COVID-19 y propuestas de política

Autor: Mesa-Lago, Carmelo
Año: 2022
Resumen: En los últimos cuatro decenios, tres acontecimientos han impactado los principios de seguridad social emanados de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT): cobertura, solidaridad social e igualdad de género, suficiencia de las prestaciones, administración eficiente y a un costo razonable, y sostenibilidad financiera-actuarial. Los tres acontecimientos, enfocándose en las pensiones de seguridad social en América Latina, son: las reformas estructurales en once países, las cuales transformaron los sistemas “públicos” de beneficio definido (BD), riesgo colectivo y administración por el seguro social, en sistemas “privados” de contribución definida (CD), capitalización plena con cuentas individuales y gestión por corporaciones privadas; la epidemia mundial del COVID-19 y la crisis económica subsiguiente, y el proceso de envejecimiento demográfico. En este documento se analizan en detalle los tres acontecimientos.

Fuente: Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
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Opciones para expandir la cobertura contributiva de pensiones entre los trabajadores independientes en el Perú

Autor: Bernal Lobato, Noelia
Año: 2022
Resumen: Ante un contexto marcado por la alta informalidad laboral y las brechas de cobertura contributiva del sistema de pensiones en el Perú, y en atención a los impactos ocasionados por la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19), en este estudio se analizan las características del mercado laboral y su relación con el sistema de pensiones en el país, con énfasis en la cobertura de los trabajadores independientes. Junto con indagar en la institucionalidad y los indicadores del sistema de pensiones, así como en el impacto de la pandemia y en experiencias recientes de algunos países de América Latina, el estudio plantea un conjunto de recomendaciones para ampliar la cobertura del sistema de pensiones para los trabajadores independientes en el país.

Fuente: Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)
Clasificación: Mercado Laboral
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
Idioma:

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Long-term care in the context of population ageing: a rights-based approach to universal coverage

Autor: Tessier Lou; De Wulf, Nathalie; Momose, Yuta
Año: 2022
Resumen: Through a life-cycle approach, social protection systems can support the prevention of disability in old age, effective access to long term-care without hardship for those in need of it and decent work in the care economy. In order to make this contribution effectively, the adoption of a gender-transformative approach will be required; for, women are disproportionately represented among both older persons and long-term care (LTC) providers in all their diversity. Furthermore, to adequately contribute to the achieving of healthy ageing and effective access to LTC without hardship as a rights-based entitlement, social protection systems will need to build strong coordination among health care, social care and other social and employment policies. This paper highlights the key entry points for social protection systems to contribute to the Decade on Healthy Ageing, building on a rights-based approach anchored in human rights and international social security standards.

Fuente: Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT)
Clasificación: Seguro
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
Idioma:

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Investing more in universal social protection. Filling the financing gap through domestic resource mobilization and international support and coordination

Autor: Bierbaum, Mira; Schmitt, Valérie
Año: 2022
Resumen: This paper discusses the magnitude and urgency of the challenge of filling social protection financing gaps and the options for achieving this. Options exist even in low-income countries, including by broadening the tax base; tackling tax evasion and building fair and progressive tax systems together with a sustainable macroeconomic framework; duly collecting social security contributions and tackling non-payment or the avoidance of social security contributions; reprioritizing and reallocating public expenditure; and eliminating corruption and illicit financial flows. National social protection systems should be primarily financed from domestic resources; however, for countries with limited domestic fiscal capacities or countries facing increased needs due to crises, natural disasters or climate change, international financial resources, in combination with technical assistance, could complement and support domestic resource mobilization for social protection. Furthermore, more dialogue and coherence need to be achieved between international financial and development institutions to avoid contradictory policy advice on the level and nature of investment in social protection. Finally, international cooperation, such as on tax matters or debt restructuring, is needed to create an environment that facilitates domestic resource mobilization.

Fuente: Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
Idioma:

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Western Balkans Social Protection Situational Analyses: Kosovo

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2022
Resumen: An effective and equitable social protection system can help Kosovo to promote human capital, foster productivity, and reduce poverty. Since its independence in 2008, the country has made considerable socioeconomic progress, benefiting from the support of the international community and its own diaspora. Kosovo's economic growth has not been sufficient to reduce the high rates of unemployment or create formal jobs. It stands out as the Western Balkan country with the lowest labor market outcomes, especially for women, and is one of the poorest countries in Europe and the poorest in the Western Balkans, secondly to Albania. The recent Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of the population to the negative effects of shocks, which are anticipated to become more frequent with climate change. And yet, in contrast with other Western Balkan countries, Kosovo's working-age population is on the rise and the country stands to benefit from the demographic dividend. Kosovo can respond to these challenges and harness opportunities by investing in human capital while promoting employment and protecting those vulnerable to shocks. A strong social protection system can play an important role in promoting these objectives. This note presents a situational analysis of the social protection system of Kosovo. It assesses the extent to which the social protection system fulfils its purpose and proposes areas for reform in the short-, medium-, and long-term. The note is based on analysis of administrative data, the most recent European Union Survey on Individual Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and Household Budget Survey (HBS), a review of relevant literature, and engagement with technical experts in the Ministry of Finance, Labor and Transfers (MFLT) and with select development partners. The situational analysis of the social protection system in Kosovo unfolds as follows. After the introduction, section 2 reviews the country's main poverty and labor market outcomes; Section 3 provides a brief overview of the social protection system; Section 4 looks at non-contributory cash transfers to support the poor, vulnerable and disabled; Section 5 examines social services; Section 6 analyzes pensions; Section 7 explores employment and active labor market programs; Section 8 reviews the social protection response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic; and Section 9 concludes by identifying the knowledge gaps and main areas for reform.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Notas de Pensiones
Idioma:

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