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Occupational Pensions in Sweden

Autor: Anderson, Karen M.
Año: 2015
Resumen: Sweden is known for its comprehensive welfare state, and the pension system is no exception. A single, unified statutory pension scheme provides earnings-related benefits to all Swedish workers. Sweden`s extensive system of mandatory and collectively negotiated occupational pensions is a less well known, yet vital part of the overall pension system. The single most important precondition for a Swedish-style approach to occupational pension provision is a robust collective bargaining system with mandatory occupational pension coverage. In Sweden 90 percent of all workers are covered by collectively negotiated occupational pension schemes. Most occupational pension schemes are defined contribution with individual investment choice, which add an average of 10 percent to income insured by the statutory pension system. Non-profit organisations owned by employers and unions administer private sector schemes, limiting the range of financial institutions offering products to occupational scheme members. This keeps management fees low and excludes risky investment vehicles.

Fuente: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/12113.pdf
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Atypical Employment« is Becoming a Norm, but have Pension Systems Responded Yet?: A Comparison of Six European Countries

Autor: Buschoff, Karin Schulze
Año: 2015
Resumen: More than one-third of European workers are now employed in »atypical« forms of work, and the trend is growing. For example, part-time employment has already become normal in the Netherlands, solo self-employment in Italy and fixed-term employment or contract work in Poland. The income of those in atypical employment is usually below average. Women are particularly affected. Men form the majority only in solo self-employment, although women are catching up here, too. Atypical employment tends to be very »dynamic« in the sense of a multitude of transitions from one form of employment to another and goes hand in hand with increased risk of unemployment and thus discontinuous earnings. This has particular implications for social security, especially old age pensions. Against this background, the best old age pensions are those that guarantee (poverty preventing) basic social security regardless of a person’s employment history (good examples include the Netherlands and Denmark, while the United Kingdom is a bad example). Increasingly problematic are state old age pension systems that are strongly oriented to the equivalence principle and are contribution- and insurance-based (Poland, Italy and Germany. Trade union representation rights for »atypical employees« are often legally curtailed and have been further reduced over the past ten years, and not only in countries under Troika programmes. More recently, however, a number of promising trade union strategies have been identified in dealing with atypical and often precarious employment.

Fuente: Fundación Friedrich-Ebert (FES)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Impacto de las reformas pensionales en Colombia y alternativas de reforma

Autor: Vásquez, Héctor
Año: 2015
Resumen: Las reformas al régimen pensional en Colombia basadas en el argumento de la sostenibilidad financiera no han conseguido superar la exclusión ni la inequidad. Alternativas como los beneficios económicos periódicos basadas en la capacidad de ahorro de los trabajadores informales son poco usadas en la práctica, pues su ingreso promedio es apenas el 80% de un salario mínimo legal en las zonas urbanas y 60% en las rurales. La informalidad laboral afecta la cobertura del sistema pensional: apenas 34,8% de los ocupados están afiliados como cotizantes, y en 2014 apenas uno de cada cuatro adultos mayores recibía alguna pensión. Una propuesta para avanzar en la seguridad social como derecho requiere un sistema de pilares. El primero debe ser solidario, estar financiado con impuestos y recursos públicos y cotizaciones, y debe asegurar a toda persona adulta mayor un ingreso mínimo equivalente a medio salario mínimo, e inicialmente debe focalizarse en la población más vulnerable (piso de protección social). El segundo, que hace parte del régimen de prima media, con cotizaciones obligatorias hasta cuatro salarios mínimos, aseguraría una pensión en las condiciones establecidas para ese régimen. El tercero, para trabajadores que puedan y quieran cotizar por encima de cuatro salarios mínimos, mediante cuentas de ahorro individual que permitan un ingreso superior a la pensión asegurada por el segundo pilar.

Fuente: Fundación Friedrich-Ebert (FES)
Clasificación: Reformas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Artículo Académico
Idioma:

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Pension Patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa

Autor: Dorfman, Mark
Año: 2015
Resumen: This report provides an initial stocktaking of the characteristics, environment and performance of public and private pensions and elderly assistance programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. It identifies key challenges and suggests reform options for consideration. Considerations for future work and principles for pension policies are also suggested. Two major challenges noted in the report are the need to increase coverage of the labor force by pensions and social insurance schemes, and to increase the proportion of poor elderly covered by social assistance. The report suggests that improving coverage will require a number of parametric reforms to existing contributory schemes, strengthening institutions to serve informal sector workers, and piloting new design options. The report also proposes other parametric reforms, including the harmonization or merger of civil service and national pension schemes. Finally, the report recommends principles to consider for reform, including measures to improve coverage, protect the elderly poor, and better align pension design with needs and enabling conditions, including the needs of rural and informal sector workers.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Reformas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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The Fiscal Consequences of Shrinking Populations

Autor: Clements, Benedict J.; Dybczak, Kamil; Gaspar, Vitor; Gupta, Sanjeev; Soto, Mauricio
Año: 2015
Resumen: Shrinking populations pose a formidable fiscal challenge. Declining fertility and increasing longevity will lead to a slower-growing, older world population. In most countries, population is projected by the United Nations (UN) to peak sometime this century and decline thereafter. For the world, the share of the population older than age 65 could increase from 12 percent today to 38 percent by 2100. To some extent, this represents the culmination of a long-term demographic transition associated with technological progress as well as the rise in the demand for human capital which initially boosts populations (as observed for most of human history), but eventually leads to lower fertility. This, in turn, contributes to a more sustainable pattern of development and reduced pressures on the environment. […] Given the magnitude of the needed policy response, a multi-pronged approach will be required: • Entitlement reform—starting now but at a gradual pace. Reforms should start now but be gradual in order to spread the burden across generations and to avoid policy reversals. • Policies that affect demographics and labor markets. Boosting fertility rates could offset aging. But, at the same time, the ability of public policies to control birth rates appears limited. Raising migration from the younger, less developed economies to the older, more developed economies would ameliorate spending pressures and provide time to phase in reforms, but it remains a politically sensitive issue. Policies that increase labor force participation of women and the elderly hold promise. • Better tax systems and more efficient public expenditure. In many countries it will be impossible to fully offset the impact of demographics on age-related spending, thus necessitating broader public sector reforms to improve the public finances.

Fuente: Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI)
Clasificación: Demografía
Tipo de Publicación: Notas de Pensiones
Idioma:

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