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Sistemas de pensiones no contributivos en América Latina y el Caribe: avanzar en solidaridad con sostenibilidad

Autor: Arenas de Mesa, Alberto; Robles, Claudia
Año: 2024
Resumen: La expansión de los sistemas de pensiones no contributivos en la región constituye uno de los principales hitos en la construcción de las arquitecturas de la protección social en un contexto marcado por una alta informalidad laboral, un acelerado envejecimiento y amplias brechas y desigualdades, incluidas las desigualdades de género. En este siglo se observa un aumento sustantivo de la cobertura de los sistemas de pensiones no contributivos, que en 2022 llegaban a 3 de cada 10 personas de 65 años y más de América Latina y el Caribe. Crear sistemas de pensiones no contributivos y fortalecer los ya existentes en los países de la región puede aportar decididamente al objetivo civilizatorio de erradicar la pobreza en la vejez, así como a reducir significativamente las desigualdades y garantizar niveles de ingresos protegidos en esta etapa de la vida. En este libro se propone enfrentar colectivamente los riesgos asociados a la vejez, favoreciendo la construcción de arquitecturas de bienestar renovadas, que avancen hacia la universalidad con la sostenibilidad y la solidaridad en el centro. Alcanzar la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de pensiones no contributivos es un eje central para promover la solidaridad y garantizar el pleno ejercicio de los derechos en la vejez.

Fuente: Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
Idioma:

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ESG Integration at the Government Pension Fund of Thailand

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2024
Resumen: This report describes the ESG integration practices at GPF as a practical example of how a pension fund can integrate ESG considerations into its investment practices and processes. The report focuses on the incorporation of ESG issues into our investment analysis and decision-making process. Other elements of responsible investing such as active ownership and ESG disclosure practices whilst also key to GPF’s overall approach, are not discussed in detail in this report. The report is a product of technical co-operation between teams from GPF and the World Bank. The report starts by providing some background information on GPF, including its investment philosophy and an overview of ESG investment philosophy before detailing the GPF ESG Score methodology. It then describes how the GPF ESG Score methodology is applied to equity and fixed-income investments, followed by an overview of how GPF ensures that ESG considerations are integrated into the selection, appointment and monitoring of external managers. It concludes with some reflections on the landscape of responsible investment and identifies areas where GPF expects to improve its investment process in the coming years.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Fondos de Inversión
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Toward an Inclusive, Equitable, and Sustainable National Pension System in Iraq

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2024
Resumen: A pension system is at the heart of social protection. By ensuring income security for older persons and other vulnerable groups, it prevents poverty, reduces inequality, and facilitates consumption smoothing. A pension system also affects the working population’s labor market choices and has important fiscal implications. Iraq’s current pension system is highly fragmented, inequitable, and inefficient. First, it fails to provide adequate income protection to most of Iraq’s old age population and other vulnerable groups, such as survivors and persons with disabilities. Second, the public sector pension is already putting substantial pressure on the budget and is potentially unsustainable given the projected acceleration of the total pension bill due to recent policy changes. Third, it sets an uneven playing field between the public and private sectors, contributing to the continued expansion of an already outsized civil service and holding back much needed economic diversification and private sector growth. Thus, a comprehensive pension reform is urgently needed and would align with commitments made by the Government of Iraq through the ratification of ILO Convention No. 102. Based on collaboration between the IMF, ILO, and the World Bank, this paper aims to (1) Provide an assessment of the existing public and private pension system across the four dimensions: fiscal sustainability, labor market implications, coverage, and adequacy of benefits. (2) Develop and propose options to adjust the pension system with a view to improve adequacy of benefits and expand coverage, enhance financial and fiscal sustainability, make the system viable across generations, reduce distortions in the labor market, and align the system with international social security standards and international best practices. (3) Provide a basis to engage key stakeholders—including workers, employers’ organizations, and the civil society - on strategies to achieve a more inclusive system, importantly by including workers in the informal economy, female workers, workers with disabilities, and other disadvantaged groups. The reform proposals presented here provide one possible route to address the most critical shortcomings of the current fragmented system, in line with international standards and good practices. Convergence on the specific reform options and parameters should result from further discussions and dialogue among all relevant stakeholders in Iraq.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Making Pension Savings Easy and Efficient for Informal Sector Workers - Learning from Kenya’s Haba Haba Pilot

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2024
Resumen: Haba Haba, which means “bit by bit” in Swahili, is a voluntary pension scheme in Kenya for workers in informal employment and promises to be a scheme through which they can slowly but surely save for their old age. The scheme, administered by the National Social Security Fund (NSSF) was launched as a pilot in 2019. Haba Haba allows for easy, anytime, anywhere savings by informal economy workers. Registration, contributions, and access can be handled via mobile phone by dialing USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) *303# or by contacting the NSSF via WhatsApp. The registration process only requires an individual’s first and last names, and government identification (ID) number. Contributions can be paid in person at NSSF offices or through the mobile money platform M-Pesa.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Ahorro Previsional
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Are There Jobs for Everyone? An Analysis of the Relationship between the Employment of Older and Younger Persons in Indonesia

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2024
Resumen: Against the backdrop of aging, Indonesia has started to address important policy challenges, including by gradually raising the retirement age. However, the increase in the retirement age and the prospect of longer employment of older persons raises concerns about its potential impact on the employment of younger persons. This paper is the first to analyze the relationship between the employment rate of older persons and the labor market outcomes of younger persons in Indonesia. Using data from the Indonesia Labour Force Survey (Sakernas) for 2016 to 2023, the analysis explores the relationship between the labor market outcomes – that is, the employment rates, unemployment rates, hours worked, and income – of younger persons and older persons. The findings show that overall, an increase in the employment rate of older persons is significantly associated with an increase in the employment rate of youth and prime-aged persons. The positive relationship is robust and is found across most of the specifications tested, that is, across genders, education levels, sectors, and within the formal sector. Encouragingly, there is no evidence of a significant negative relationship between the employment of older persons and younger persons. When there is a significant negative relationship between the employment of older persons and other employment outcomes of younger persons, the magnitude is small. These findings support the notion that raising the retirement age can address some of the challenges faced by an aging society. Finally, lifelong learning, upskilling, and reskilling are important to facilitate longer working lives by ensuring that older workers remain employable in a changing economy.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Mercado Laboral
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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