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Social Insurance for Gig Workers: Insights from a Discrete Choice Experiment in Malaysia

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2023
Resumen: The rise of “gig” or digital platform work globally has led to both enthusiasm for its potential to create lucrative employment for large numbers of people, as well as concern about its implications for worker protection that is often provided in more standard employment. While gig work platforms may not be akin to employers in standard work relationships, arrangements that do not obligate them to provide worker protection and social insurance contributions may leave several platform workers unprotected against a range of risks. Is the observed lack of protection among digital platform workers explained by an unwillingness on part of the workers themselves to make necessary contributions for social insurance coverage? This paper analyzes this question in the context of Malaysia, a rapidly growing upper-middle-income East Asian economy that has witnessed a rise in gig work in recent years. The paper deploys a novel vignette-based experiment to ascertain gig workers’ willingness to pay for social insurance coverage. The analysis finds overall a large unmet need for social insurance among gig workers, as well as a high level of willingness to pay for (especially) unemployment insurance, retirement savings, and accidental and injury insurance. This implies that the policy challenge is to channel such willingness into regular contributions for social insurance coverage through relevant and flexible options for contributions. More than subsidies, this segment of the workforce could perhaps benefit from better tailored, more flexible, and more easily accessible instruments for social insurance. The analysis also finds evidence of substitution between distinct insurance instruments. For instance, those who have access to retirement savings appear to be less willing to pay for unemployment insurance, and those with private medical insurance are less likely to contribute to the state-run injury insurance scheme. This underlines the need to approach risk insurance for digital platform workers more holistically and to consider a wider range of insurance instruments, including those offered by the private sector.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguro
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
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Memoria del Segundo Seminario Regional de Desarrollo Social. Seguridad social (pensiones y salud) y la crisis prolongada: una oportunidad para combatir la desigualdad en el marco de un Estado de bienestar en América Latina y el Caribe

Autor: Organización de las Naciones Unidas, Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)
Año: 2023
Resumen: Desde el año 2020, ante los impactos de la pandemia de COVID-19, los países de la región han enfrentado una crisis social prolongada con inéditos desafíos para garantizar niveles de bienestar básicos para la ciudadanía, con un acceso garantizado a la protección social y a la salud como un derecho fundamental y un bien público esencial (CEPAL, 2022c). Las crisis gatilladas por la pandemia de COVID-19 han profundizado problemáticas estructurales de América Latina y el Caribe, que tienen un impacto directo sobre la seguridad social y que ya venían intensificándose: altos niveles de informalidad en un escenario de profundas transformaciones en el mercado laboral ante los cambios tecnológicos en curso, el incremento de la pobreza y las diversas expresiones de la desigualdad y el rápido envejecimiento de la población, entre otros. Si bien las medidas implementadas por los países en materia de protección social han sido sustantivas y han permitido mitigar, en parte, los devastadores efectos sociales y económicos de la pandemia, a tres años de su inicio se aprecia en la región un deterioro considerable en las condiciones de vida de sus habitantes, situación que ha empeorado ante un contexto económico desfavorable y el incremento de la inflación. Se evidencia la importante distancia que existe en la región para consolidar verdaderos Estados de bienestar, con sistemas de seguridad social que garanticen igualdad en el acceso a prestaciones con niveles de cobertura, suficiencia y sostenibilidad financiera adecuados.

Fuente: Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
Idioma:

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Social Protection Program Spending and Household Welfare in Ghana

Autor: Younger, Stephen D.; Raju, Dhushyanth; Dadzie, Christabel E
Año: 2023
Resumen: Ghana administers multiple social protection programs. One of these, pensions provided by the Social Security and National Insurance Trust, has a long history, but others—the Ghana School Feeding Programme, Labor-Intensive Public Works program, Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty program, and National Health Insurance Scheme—have been introduced and expanded only over the past two decades. Social Protection Program Spending and Household Welfare in Ghana assesses the performance of the government of Ghana’s main social assistance and social insurance programs. The study discusses the programs’ main design and implementation parameters; summarizes existing evaluative and operational research; and examines the patterns and trends in program benefit spending, using government administrative data, and the programs’ coverage rates, incidence, and effectiveness for reducing poverty and inequality, using recent national household sample survey data. Furthermore, the study examines the relationship between household participation in social assistance programs and exposure to adverse covariate shocks—specifically, possible weather-related shocks—on the basis of high-resolution climate risk maps for the country.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Artículo Académico
Idioma:

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From Struggle to Opportunity: The Profile of Brazil’s Working Poor and Implications for Economic Inclusion

Autor: Morgandi, Matteo; Fietz, Katharina; Ed, Malin; Oliveira, Gabriel.
Año: 2023
Resumen: The purpose of the note is to inform the design of policies and instruments that can enhance labor market outcomes of Brazil’s poor and vulnerable populations. Global and regional experiences show that active labor market programs, and more broadly economic inclusion interventions, both at the strategic level and for territorial implementation, require population-specific labor market diagnostics. And aggregate labor statistics do not portray adequately the specific situation of the poor and vulnerable. This note studies how Brazil’s poor and vulnerable engage in the labor market and in public labor market policies, or fail to do so, according to individual, family and location characteristics. The authors focus on two broad populations of interest: work-able adults in households living below the Cadastro Único poverty line (the poor), and its subset of beneficiaries of the conditional cash transfer Bolsa Familia (BF), the country’s largest social program in 2019, and named Auxilio Brasil (AB).

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Mercado Laboral
Tipo de Publicación: Notas de Pensiones
Idioma:

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A global fund for social protection. Lessons from the diverse experiences of global health, agriculture and climate funds

Autor: Yeates, Nicola; Holden, Chris; Lambin, Roosa; Snell, Carolyn; Idris, Nabila; Mackinder, Sophie
Año: 2023
Resumen: The recent social, ecological and economic crises have not only revealed the gaps in social protection systems across the world, but also drawn global attention to the ways in which international financial architectures have failed to support the development of universal social protection systems and floors. Within this context, this paper examines the idea of a global fund for social protection which has emerged as a potential solution to these structural failings. By drawing on the experiences of seven global funds across the health, climate, and agriculture sectors, the aim of this working paper is to identify key lessons that can guide the possible implementation of a prospective global fund for social protection. Through a careful analysis of the governance structures, norms and standards of these funds, the paper makes certain recommendations to be taken into consideration if a global fund for social protection is to be developed and implemented in the future.

Fuente: Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Artículo Académico
Idioma:

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