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Social Insurance Reform in Jordan : Awareness and Perceptions of Employment Opportunities for Women

Autor: Brodmann, Stefanie; Jillson, Irene; Hassan, Nahla.
Año: 2014
Resumen: The new social insurance law introduced by the Jordanian government in 2010 was created in part to improve the likelihood of women s employment through non- and gender specific changes. This study, which comprised individual interviews and focus groups with Jordanian women and men, employers and opinion leaders, was designed to elicit an understanding of their awareness and knowledge of the new law, designed to increase women s employment - primarily the maternity insurance provision. Those affected by the law remained largely uninformed. Many employers communicated that they did not perceive it as cost neutral for their firms. Participants who were aware of the law, viewed the changes positively and believed with the right circumstances, the law could increase female employment.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguro
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Macroeconomic and Fiscal Implications of Population Aging in Bulgaria

Autor: Pestieau, Pierre; Onder, Harun; Ley, Eduardo.
Año: 2014
Resumen: Bulgaria is in the midst of a serious demographic transition that will shrink its population at one of the highest rates in the world within the next few decades. This study analyzes the macroeconomic and fiscal implications of this demographic transition by using a long-term model, which integrates the demographic projections with social security, fiscal and real economy dimensions in a consistent manner. The simulations suggest that, even under fairly optimistic assumptions, Bulgaria's demographic transition will exert significant fiscal pressures and depress the economic growth in the medium and long term. However, the results also demonstrate that the Government of Bulgaria can play a significant role in mitigating some of these effects. Policies that induce higher labor force participation, promote productivity and technological improvement, and provide better education outcomes are found to counteract the negative consequences of the demographic shift.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Demografía
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
Idioma:

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Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review Policy Notes: Pensions

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2014
Resumen: Today, the Kyrgyz pension system plays a major role in poverty alleviation of the elderly but this role is diminishing fast due to low coverage of working age population. The system currently provides pensions to more than 90 percent of the population over age 65 thus being a significant buffer against poverty. Over time, though, the poverty reduction effect of the pension system is expected to weaken substantially as the current low coverage rates among the working age population translate into much lower coverage rates of about only 60 percent for the future old age population. As a result, poverty rates among the old-age population will grow and government spending on social pensions will increase dramatically. The structure of this chapter is as follows. The next section provides an overview of the current pension system and the main issues facing it. Section three presents the results of the financial projections for the current system assuming a no-reform scenario and the implications of doing nothing on the finances of the Social Fund, the cost to the government and the expected benefits (baseline projections). Section four considers several broad reform options and their impact with respect to the financial sustainability and affordability of the system as well as adequacy of benefits. Section five outlines the issues remaining beyond the scope of this study which require further analysis. Annex one summarizes the main parameters of the current pension system and annexes two provides a brief description of the main assumptions used in the projections and the projection methodology. The diagnosis of the current system and the evaluation of the reform options presented in this chapter are based on the simulations produced with the World Bank Pension Reform Options Simulation Toolkit (PROST) model.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Notas de Pensiones
Idioma:

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Beveridge Not Bismarck!: European Lessons for Men’s and Women’s Pensions in Germany

Autor: Buschoff, Karin Schulze
Año: 2014
Resumen: Paid employment determines pension levels, for both women and men. In those European countries in which women have been integrated into the labour market at an early stage their protection in old age is higher today for that reason alone. Germany lags behind in this respect. Gender-specific differences in the employment participation of the low educated are greater than those between the educated, everywhere. The differences are more substantial in Germany than in many other European countries. A fair pension policy that can prevent poverty thus begins in the labour market. It has to improve employment opportunities for women and men of all social classes. The pension systems of countries in which gender relations were modernised early correspond to the »Beveridge model«: a universal basic pension, supplemented with mandatory occupational pensions, prevents old-age poverty more effectively and enables women to be more independent. The pension systems of countries in which gender relations were modernised later are income- and contribution-dependent. These »Bismarck countries« prevent poverty less effectively and maintain a legacy of dependence. Despite retrenchment, women in Beveridge countries are better protected against poverty. The statutory pension in Germany, however, has fallen to the lowest level among the countries investigated in this paper, affecting the low educated in particular. The Beveridge countries show that preventing poverty entails a statutory minimum pension and mandatory occupational pensions. German social policy should learn from this.

Fuente: Fundación Friedrich-Ebert (FES)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Pension Risk and Risk-Based Supervision in Defined Contribution Pension Funds

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2014
Resumen: Defined contribution pension systems have faced criticism in the wake of the financial and economic crisis for not delivering adequate and sustainable pension incomes at retirement. Much of the problem has centered around the misalignment of pension fund management companies and the interests of pension fund members, with the focus on short-term volatility rather than delivering adequate pension income over the long term. Although pension fund supervisors in emerging economies have attempted to correct for these market failures, they have not focused sufficiently on the ultimate long-term pension income objective. The paper suggests that in order to have a meaningful impact on future pensions, the supervision of defined contribution pension systems needs to take a more proactive role in minimizing pension risk. This objective would require ensuring that investment risks are aligned with the probability of achieving a target pension at retirement age. The paper also suggests that a proper institutional design of the pension fund industry and intensive use of market surveillance are efficient tools for dealing with most of the operational risks of funded pension fund schemes in emerging economies.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Regulación y Supervisión
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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