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Social Citizenship for Older Persons?: Measuring the Social Quality of Social Pensions in the Global South and Explaining their Spread

Autor: Böger, Tobias; Leisering, Lutz
Año: 2017
Resumen: Social pensions - non-contributory provisions for old age, mostly means-tested—have mushroomed in the global South since the 1990s, and have also been advocated by international organizations. Using the data base FLOORCASH constructed by the authors and their research team, they cover all countries of the global South, to go beyond existing case studies and selective comparisons. The authors investigate the contribution of social pensions to rights-based social protection and seek to explain their spread across the global South. While in Northern welfare states universal social services and social insurance are seen as the hallmarks of social citizenship as conceived by T.H. Marshall, measured by indices such as Esping-Andersen’s decommodification index, this paper advances a conceptualization of social rights that includes means-tested benefits, in order to recognize the bigger role of non-contributory transfers in developing countries. Applying a new measure of the social quality of social pensions, the authors detect considerable differences between countries, which are not reducible to the common distinction universal vs. means-tested benefits. Combing the social quality measure with the dimension of scale (population covered), the authors identify four normative models of old-age security. One of these models might herald a new social model for the South. Finally the paper applies event history analysis to explain the spread of social pensions across the global South, finding that standard domestic variables, subscription to international norms, and pension reform events were central drivers of social pension expansion.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
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A Comprehensive Multi-Sector Tool for Analysis of Systemic Risk and Interconnectedness (SyRIN)

Autor: Fabio Cortes; Peter Lindner; Sheheryar Malik; Miguel Angel Segoviano
Año: 2017
Resumen: This paper presents the Systemic Risk and Interconnectedness (SyRIN) tool. SyRIN allows a comprehensive assessment of systemic risk via quantification of the impact of risk amplification mechanisms, due to interconnectedness structures across banks and other financial intermediaries—insurance, pension fund, hedge fund and investment fund sectors, which cannot be captured when analyzing sectors independently. The tool produces various metrics to evaluate systemic risk from complementary perspectives, including tail risk, crossentity interconnectedness and the contribution to systemic risk by different entities and sectors. SyRIN is easily implementable with publicly available data and can be adapted to cater to different degrees of institutional granularity and data availability. The framework is designed to be a tool to identify vulnerabilities from a top-down perspective that can lead to deeper analysis in specific sectors for policy formulation.

Fuente: Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI)
Clasificación: Regulación y Supervisión
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
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Options for Reforming Early Retirement System for Special and Hazardous Occupations in Montenegro

Autor: Grupo Banco Mundial
Año: 2017
Resumen: The report is structured as follows. In the first section, authors refer to the demographic and labor market context in Montenegro, which indicate the risks and challenges ahead of the pension system in Montenegro. We also discuss some of the myths that are related to the perception of older workers on the labor market. In the second section, we present the current situation of the pension system in Montenegro in general terms. The third section focuses on the analysis of the available information on the current and future prospects of the early retirement scheme. In section four we present recent developments in the EU and OECD countries related to early retirement solutions, including the developments on early retirement for hazardous and arduous conditions. Special attention is put on the description of the 2008 reform of early retirement of hazardous and arduous conditions in Poland and its outcomes. The polish approach could be used as a model solution in the approach to limit the list of extended service occupations. In section five authors present recommendations for the reform of policies related to the extended service period pensions as well as general early retirement policy in Montenegro.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
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Long-Term Care for Older People

Autor: Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONE) Mujeres
Año: 2017
Resumen: Population ageing is a global reality. So is the fact that, as people age, they tend to require greater care and assistance in activities related to daily living. Nevertheless, current debates about long-term care for older persons are remarkably narrow. First, long-term care is yet to be recognized as a burning policy issue in low- and middle-income countries, which is where the majority of older persons live. Second, even in developed countries where long-term care has been on the public agenda for some time, it is rarely discussed in gendered terms. Instead, debates are dominated by concerns over its fiscal implications. As this brief shows, however, long-term care always has costs, even if it is provided by family members on an unpaid basis. Currently, the societal costs of policy inaction in both developed and developing countries are borne disproportionately by women: the elderly women who do not receive the care that they deserve, and the women of all ages who are overrepresented among those who provide care under inadequate and exploitative conditions. Finding ways to share these costs more equitably across society is paramount. This brief underlines the need to build long-term care systems that are financially and socially sustainable and discusses a set of measures that can be taken to improve the situation of care-dependent older persons as well as their caregivers.

Fuente: Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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The Effect of a Transfer Program for the Elderly in Mexico City on Co-Residing Children's School Enrollment

Autor: Gutierrez, Emilio; Juarez, Laura; Rubli, Adrian
Año: 2017
Resumen: A regression discontinuity analysis is used to test whether a sharp increase in the government transfers received by households, induced by a pension program for individuals age 70 and older in Mexico City, affects co-residing children's school enrollment. Results show that while household composition and other characteristics do not change significantly at the cutoff age for program eligibility, school enrollment increases significantly. This suggests that households may be credit constrained, as the sharp increase in government transfers is known and anticipated by individuals below the cutoff age.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Artículo Académico
Idioma:

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